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Daily Trivia - July 20
Births810 - Imam Bukhari, Muslim scholar and compiler of Hadith (d. 870)
1304 - Francesco Petrarch, Italian poet (d. 1374)
1537 - Arnaud d'Ossat, French diplomat and writer (d. 1604)
1620 - Nikolaes Heinsius, Dutch scholar (d. 1681)
1659 - Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
1661 - Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706)
1673 - John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. 1747)
1754 - Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher (d. 1836)
1774 - Auguste Marmont, French marshal (d. 1852)
1797 - Sir Paweł Edmund Strzelecki, Polish explorer and geologist (d. 1873)
1838 - Augustin Daly, American playwright (d. 1899)
1838 - George Otto Trevelyan, British statesman and biographer (d. 1928)
1847 - Max Liebermann, German artist (d. 1935)
1849 - Robert Anderson Van Wyck, Mayor of New York City (d. 1918)
1858 - Ivan Vucetic, Croatian anthropologist (d. 1925)
1864 - Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
1868 - Miron Cristea, first patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church (d. 1939)
1873 - Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviator (d. 1932)
1889 - John Reith, British broadcast executive (d. 1971)
1890 - Theda Bara, American actress (d. 1955)
1890 - King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
1895 - László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (d. 1946)
1897 - Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1996)
1901 - Heinie Manush, American baseball player (d. 1971)
1902 - Jimmy Kennedy, Irish composer (d. 1984)
1910 - Vilém Tauský, Czech conductor and composer (d. 2004)
1912 - Tom McDermott, American actor (d. 1996)
1918 - Cindy Walker, American singer
1919 - Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountain climber
1920 - Elliot Richardson, American politician (d. 1999)
1920 - Dick Lucas, American animator (d. 1997)
1923 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
1924 - Thomas Berger, American novelist
1924 - Mort Garson, Canadian composer
1925 - Jacques Delors, French President of the European Commission
1926 - Lola Albright, American actress
1926 - Patricia Cutts, British actress (d. 1974)
1929 - Mike Ilitch, American businessman, sports executive, and philanthropist
1929 - Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (d. 1999)
1930 - James Kenney, British actor (d. 1982)
1932 - Otto Schily, German politician
1933 - Chuck Daly, American basketball coach
1933 - Nelson Doubleday, American publisher and baseball executive
1933 - Cormac McCarthy, American author
1933 - Rex Williams, English snooker player
1934 - Uwe Johnson, German writer
1934 - Aliki Vougiouklaki, Greek actress
1936 - Barbara Mikulski, U.S. Senator from Maryland
1937 - Ken Ogata, Japanese actor
1938 - Dame Diana Rigg, British actress
1938 - Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
1938 - Roger Hunt, English footballer
1939 - Judy Chicago, American artist
1940 - Tony Oliva, Cuban-born Major League Baseball player
1941 - Kurt Raab, German actor (d. 1988)
1942 - Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
1943 - Wendy Richard, British actress
1945 - Kim Carnes, American singer and songwriter
1945 - Larry Craig, U.S. Senator from Idaho
1945 - Bo Rein, former college football coach at North Carolina State and LSU (d. 1980)
1946 - Randal Kleiser, American film director
1947 - Gerd Binnig, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1947 - Carlos Santana, Mexican guitarist
1948 - Niki Haris, American dancer
1948 - Muse Watson, American actor
1950 - Tantoo Cardinal, Canadian actress
1950 - Naseeruddin Shah, Indian actor
1951 - Jeff Rawle, English actor
1953 - Marcia Hines, American-born Australian singer
1953 - Thomas Friedman, American journalist
1954 - Moira Harris, American actress
1956 - Paul Cook, English musician (The Sex Pistols)
1956 - Donna Dixon, American actress
1959 - Radney Foster, American singer
1963 - Frank Whaley, American actor
1963 - Amir Derakh, American guitarist (Orgy)
1964 - Chris Cornell, American musician
1964 - Terri Irwin, American television personality
1964 - Kool G. Rap, American musician
1966 - Stone Gossard, American musician
1967 - Reed Diamond, American actor
1968 - Michael Park, American actor
1968 - Jimmy Carson, American NHL ice hockey player
1968 - Julian Rhind-Tutt, English actor
1969 - Josh Holloway, American actor
1971 - Charles Johnson, baseball player
1973 - Peter Forsberg, Swedish-born hockey player
1973 - Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway
1973 - Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1974 - Simon Rex, American actor
1974 - Bengie Molina, American baseball player
1975 - Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
1977 - Kiki Musampa, Congo footballer
1978 - Tamsyn Lewis, Australian athlete
1978 - Charlie Korsmo, American actor
1978 - Elliott Yamin, American Idol contestant
1980 - Gisele Bundchen, Brazilian model
1980 - Mike Kennerty, American guitarist (The All-American Rejects)
1981 - Thorsten Engelmann, German rower
1985 - John Francis Daley, American actor
1990 - Kasey Holyman, Princess of Bok Hill
1997 - Billi Bruno, American child actress
Deaths985 - Pope Boniface VII
1031 - King Robert II of France (b. 972)
1156 - Emperor Toba of Japan (1103)
1160 - Peter Lombard, French theologian
1320 - King Oshin of Armenia (b. 1282)
1351 - Margaretha Ebner, German visionary (b. 1291)
1387 - Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu (poisoned) (b. 1356)
1398 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (b. 1374)
1453 - Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French chronicler
1454 - King John II of Castile (b. 1405)
1524 - Claude of France, wife of Louis XII of France (b. 1499)
1616 - Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Earl of Tyrone, English soldier
1704 - Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)
1752 - Johann Christoph Pepusch, German composer (b. 1667)
1816 - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (b. 1743)
1884 - Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and scientist (b. 1822)
1897 - Jean Ingelow, English poet (b. 1820)
1901 - William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (b. 1840)
1903 - Pope Leo XIII (b. 1810)
1908 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (b. 1835)
1922 - Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (b. 1856)
1923 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
1926 - Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinskiy, head of the Soviet secret police (b. 1877)
1927 - King Ferdinand of Romania (b. 1865)
1937 - Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1874)
1941 - Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b. 1867)
1944 - Mildred Harris, American actress (b. 1901)
1945 - Paul Valéry, French author and poet (b. 1871)
1951 - King Abdullah I of Jordan (b. 1882)
1951 - Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern, Crown Prince of Germany (b. 1882)
1953 - Dumarsaid Estime, President of Haiti (b. 1900)
1953 - Jan Struther, British author (b. 1901)
1959 - William D. Leahy, American admiral (b. 1875)
1967 - Albert Lutuli, South African civil rights leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
1973 - Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
1982 - Okot p'Bitek, Ugandan poet (b. 1931)
1983 - Frank Reynolds, American television news anchor (b. 1923)
1990 - Herbert Jenkins, Atlanta's longest serving police chief (b. 1907)
1991 - Earl Robinson, American singer and composer (b. 1910)
1993 - Vincent Foster Jr., White House deputy counsel (b. 1945)
1997 - John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (b. 1949)
1999 - Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
2003 - Nicolas Freeling, English writer (b. 1927)
2004 - Adi Lady Lala Mara, Fiji chieftainess, wife of Kamisese Mara (b. 1931)
2005 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (b. 1920)
2005 - Charles Chibitty, World War II Comanche code talker (b. 1921)
2005 - Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1926)
2005 - Kayo Hatta, American film director (b. 1958)
2005 - Alfred Hayes, British-born wrestling announcer (b. 1928)
Events514 - Pope Hormisdas assumes the papacy of the Roman Catholic Church.
1304 - English King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence, Stirling Castle.
1402 - Battle of Ankara. Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeated forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I
1618 - Pluto reached, according to sophisticated mathematical calculations, its second most recent aphelion. The next one occurred in 1866, and the following one will occur in 2113.
1712 - The Riot Act takes effect in the Great Britain.
1738 - North America: French explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan.
1810 - Citizens of Bogotá, Colombia declare independence from Spain.
1833 - An Anti-Mormon mob in Independence, Missouri, destroys the printing press for the Book of Commandments, now among the most valuable 19th century books.
1861 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America begins sitting in Richmond, Virginia.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek - Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
1866 - Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa - The Austrian navy, led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian navy near the island of Vis.
1871 - British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
1872 - The United States Patent Office awards the first patent for wireless telegraphy to Mahlon Loomis.
1877 - Rioting in Baltimore, Maryland by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers is put down by the state militia, resulting in nine deaths.
1881 - Indian Wars:Sioux Chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford, Montana
1885 - The Football Association legalises professionalism in football under pressure from the British Football Association.
1907 - A train wreck on the Pere Marquette Railroad near Salem, Michigan kills thirty and injures seventy more.
1915 - A strike by coal miners in Wales is settled.
1916 - World War I: In Armenia, Russian troops capture Gumiskhanek.
1917 - World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1917 - World War I: In the United States, the first military draft numbers are drawn for World War I.
1917 - Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister and President of the provisional government and survives an assassination attempt.
1918 - World War I: German troops cross the Marne.
1920 - Boxer Jack Johnson is arrested near San Diego, California as he crosses the border from Tijuana, Mexico after being on the run for five years after his conviction under the Mann Act.
1921 - The Amatian oil fields 129 km south of Tampico, Mexico burn, causing millions of dollars in damage.
1921 - Air mail service begins between New York City and San Francisco.
1922 - The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
1924 - Teheran, Persia comes under martial law after the American vice consul, Robert Imbrie, is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people.
1924 - Americans Helen Wills and Vincent Richards win the Olympic tennis championships in Paris.
1924 - On a sweltering day, Coney Island in New York City breaks its attendance record as over 600,000 try to escape the heat.
1924 - A Soviet sports newspaper Sovetskiy Sport is founded
1926 - A convention of the Methodist Church votes to allow women to become priests.
1927 - Michael I becomes king of Romania at age five upon the death of his grandfather Ferdinand I.
1928 - The government of Hungary issues a decree ordering Gypsies to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians.
1929 - Soviet troops attempt to cross the Amur River into Manchuria near Blagovestchensk as tensions mount between the Soviet Union and China.
1929 - The French Parliament narrowly approves President Raymond Poincaré's plan to reschedule the country's foreign debts.
1930 - Maxim Litvinov is named the Soviet Union's Commissar of Foreign Affairs.
1931 - Former Interior Secretary Albert Fall enters state prison in Santa Fe, New Mexico on his bribery conviction from the Teapot Dome scandal.
1931 - Three are dead in rioting in Seville, Spain, after police clash with marchers in a funeral parade for a syndicalist killed by the police days earlier.
1932 - German president Paul von Hindenburg signs a decree ordering Franz von Papen to take control of the Prussian state government and declares martial law.
1932 - In Washington, D.C., police fire tear gas on World War I veterans part of the Bonus Expeditionary Force who attempt to march to the White House.
1932 - Crowds in the capitals of Bolivia and Paraguay demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
1933 - Vice-Chancellor of Germany Franz von Papen and Vatican Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli sign a concordat on behalf of their respective nations.
1933 - In London, 500,000 march against anti-Semitism.
1933 - Germany: Two-hundred Jewish merchants are arrested in Nuremberg and paraded through the streets.
1934 - Labor unrest in the United States, as police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, wounding fifty; Seattle police led by the mayor police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen, and the governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
1935 - Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from Milan to Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
1935 - Riots between Muslims and Sikhs over a mosque in Lahore, India leave eleven dead.
1936 - The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1937 - Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the county jail in Tallahassee, Florida and lynched.
1938 - The Justice Department files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of anti-trust law. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 - Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
1940 - Billboard magazine publishes its first "Music Popularity Chart"; the first number one song is Frank Sinatra's "I'll Never Smile Again".
1940 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Hatch Act, limiting political activity by Federal government employees.
1940 - Admiral Jean Decoux is named governor of French Indochina by Marshal Philippe Pétain.
1941 - Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrenti Beria its chief.
1942 - World War II: Red Army troops take bridgeheads over the Don River near Voronezh.
1942 - World War II: The first unit of the Women's Army Corps begins training in Des Moines, Iowa.
1943 - World War II: American and Canadian troops conquer Enna on Sicily.
1944 - World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt (known as the July 20 Plot) led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
1944 - World War II: American troops land on Guam near Port Apra.
1944 - In Bombay, India, health authorities announce a cholera epidemic has killed 34,000 in three months.
1944 - The Democratic Party nominates Franklin D. Roosevelt for a fourth term as president.
1944 - Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the presidential palace in Mexico City.
1945 - The U.S. Congress approves the Bretton Woods Agreement.
1946 - World War II: The U.S. Congress's Pearl Harbor Committee says Franklin D. Roosevelt was completely blameless for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
1946 - A grand jury indicts nineteen members of the Michigan state legislature for bribery for obstructing a banking reform bill.
1947 - Police in Burma arrest former Prime Minister U Saw and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister U Aung San and seven members of his cabinet.
1947 - The viceroy of India says the people of the Northwest Frontier Province overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join Pakistan rather than India.
1948 - President Harry S. Truman issues the first peacetime military draft in the United States amid increasing tensions with the Soviet Union.
1948 - In New York City, twelve leaders of the Communist Party USA are indicted under the Smith Act including William Z. Foster and Gus Hall.
1948 - Syngman Rhee is elected president of South Korea by parliament.
1949 - Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
1949 - Bulgaria: Parliament elects Vassil Kolarov prime minister, replacing Georgi Dimitrov.
1950 - Belgium: Parliament authorizes king Léopold III to return from exile in Austria.
1950 - Korean War: North Korea attacks the temporary South Korean capital, Taejon.
1950 - Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
1950 - A new federal system for Indonesia's government is agreed on to take effect August 17.
1951 - King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
1952 - The 15th Olympic Games begin in Helsinki, Finland.
1953 - The United Nations Economic and Social Council votes to make UNICEF a permanent agency.
1954 - Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
1954 - At Geneva, Switzerland, an armistice is signed that ends fighting in Vietnam and divides the country along the 17th parallel.
1955 - China shells Taiwan's islands Quemoy and Matsu.
1955 - Michigan: The United Auto Workers is indicted under the Federal Corrupt Practices Act for its activities in Michigan in the 1954 elections.
1956 - A nationwide civil defense drill, "Operation Alert", is held, simulating a Soviet nuclear strike on seventy-five American cities. As part of the exercise, 10,000 bureaucrats and officials leave Washington, D.C., for bunkers around the capital.
1956 - In Mukden, Pu Yi, the former Emperor of China, testifies in the war crimes trials of twenty-two Japanese, the first time Pu Yi's whereabouts had been known since 1946. | | |
